Liver disease — Flashcards

Flashcard 501: What AST to ALT ratio is indicative of alcohol abuse? _____

Answer: >2:1 ratio of AST:ALT

Flashcard 502: How does TIBC change with pregnancy or OCP use?_____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 503: What is a late complication associated with biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC)? _____

Answer: Cirrhosis

Flashcard 504: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated surgically

Answer: Echinococcus (Hydatid cyst)

Extra: Hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus) typically require surgical treatment (resection or PAIR) combined with albendazole. In contrast, amoebic liver abscesses (Entamoeba histolytica) are primarily managed medically with metronidazole and a luminal amebicide.

Flashcard 505: Which manifestation of *Leptospira interrogans* infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms, conjunctival suffusion, and calf myalgias?

Answer: Anicteric leptospirosis (Bacteremic phase)

Extra: Leptospirosis is often biphasic: 1. **Anicteric phase**: Characterized by flu-like symptoms, conjunctival suffusion (redness without exudate), and severe calf myalgias. 2. **Icteric phase (Weil disease)**: A severe form characterized by jaundice, liver failure, azotemia (renal failure), and hemorrhage.

Flashcard 506: Systemic amyloidosis can have hematologic manifestations, including splenomegaly and _____ purpura

Answer: periorbital

Flashcard 507: HSV-1 induced temporal lobe encephalitis can present as seizures, aphasia and _____

Answer: altered mental status

Flashcard 508: Which filovirus can result in DIC?_____

Answer: Ebola

Flashcard 509: _____ seizures are diffuse and affect the entire brain

Answer: Generalized

Flashcard 510: Secondary biliary cholangitis occurs in patients with known _____ lesions (e.g. gallstones, biliary strictures, pancreatic carcinoma)

Answer: obstructive