Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1391: Shigella causes _____ diarrhea (watery or bloody)

Answer: bloody

Flashcard 1392: The low LES pressure in scleroderma predisposes to _____ and dysphagia

Answer: acid reflux

Flashcard 1393: Binge eating disorder is associated with increased risk for obesity and _____

Answer: diabetes mellitus

Flashcard 1394: What cause of viral gastroenteritis is more commonly seen in adults?_____

Answer: Norovirus

Flashcard 1395: Which AIDS-defining illness is caused directly by HIV?_____

Answer: HIV encephalopathy (HIV-associated dementia) or HIV wasting syndrome

Extra: Most AIDS-defining illnesses are opportunistic infections (e.g., Pneumocystis pneumonia) or malignancies caused by other viruses (e.g., Kaposi sarcoma is caused by HHV-8; Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with EBV). HIV encephalopathy and HIV wasting syndrome are unique as they are caused by the direct effects of HIV itself.

Flashcard 1396: A secretin stimulation test is positive if gastrin levels _____ after administration of secretin

Answer: Increase (paradoxically)

Extra: In normal individuals, secretin inhibits gastrin release from G cells. In Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, secretin paradoxically stimulates gastrin release from gastrinoma cells. A positive test is usually defined as an increase in serum gastrin of >200 pg/mL.

Flashcard 1397: Which cause of pharyngitis is more commonly seen in late teens and adults?_____

Answer: EBV (infectious mononucleosis)

Flashcard 1398: Sialolithiasis presents as recurrent _____-prandial pain and swelling in affected gland

Answer: pre-/peri

Flashcard 1399: Which type of duodenal ulcer (anterior or posterior) is more commonly associated with hemorrhage? _____

Answer: Posterior

Flashcard 1400: Treatment for cystinuria includes urinary _____ (e.g. potassium citrate, acetazolamide)

Answer: alkalinization