Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: What demographic is most commonly affected by Whipple disease? _____

Answer: Older men

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 132: Methotrexate is first-line in treating _____

Answer: rheumatoid arthritis

Extra:   Watch Methotrexate, leucovorin, 5 fluorouracil, hydroxyurea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-methotrexate-leucovorin-5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 133: Type 1 diabetes is associated with HLA-_____ and HLA-_____

Answer: DR3

Extra:   Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 134: Parkinson disease is characterized by _____ dopamine

Answer: decreased

Extra: Parkinson disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. This leads to a decrease in dopamine and a relative increase in acetylcholine.

Flashcard 135: What is the most common primary immunodeficiency? _____

Answer: Selective IgA deficiency

Extra:   * B cells fail to differentiate into IgA secreting plasma cells Watch B Cell Disorders & DiGeorge Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-immunodeficiency-b-cell-disorders-and-digeorge-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 136: C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency results in _____

Answer: hereditary angioedema

Extra:   Watch Complement System Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-immunodeficiency-complement-system-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/allergies/acquire?ref=anki  characterized by rapid-onset edema of the face, genitals, limbs, larynx, and intestines without urticaria (helps distinguish hereditary angioedema from type 1 hypersensitivity reactions); treatment options include with fresh frozen plasma (contains C1 inhibitor), icatibant (bradykinin antagonist), and/or ecallantide (kallikrein inhibitor) 

Flashcard 137: Sialolithiasis is typically caused by _____ or trauma

Answer: dehydration

Flashcard 138: Diabetes mellitus may result in _____ incontinence

Answer: overflow

Extra:  Watch Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Complications [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-chronic-complications?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 139: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is caused by a(n) _____ of the pancreas (non-β cells) or duodenum

Answer: gastrinoma

Extra:   Watch Pancreatic Cancer & Islet Cell Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-pancreatic-disease-pancreatic-cancer-and-islet-cell-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki  can be used to evaluate for gastrinoma in patients with non-diagnostic serum gastrin levels (110-1000) a rise in gastrin levels following secretin administration indicates gastrinoma 

Flashcard 140: What parasitic infection is more common in patients with decreased B-cells? _____

Answer: GI giardiasis (no IgA)

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki