Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1331: About 10% of cases of insulinoma are associated with _____ syndrome

Answer: MEN 1

Flashcard 1332: The anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies in Sjogren syndrome are against _____

Answer: ribonucleoproteins

Flashcard 1333: Carcinoid syndrome is characterized by bronchospasm (asthmatic wheezing), recurrent diarrhea, and _____

Answer: flushing of the skin

Flashcard 1334: Achalasia is characterized by _____ LES pressure on esophageal manometry

Answer: high

Flashcard 1335: Which blistering skin disorder, pemphigus vulgaris or bullous pemphigoid, may involve the oral mucosa? _____

Answer: Pemphigus vulgaris

Flashcard 1336: What is the urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: > 500 mOsm/kg

Extra: In **early** postrenal azotemia (initial obstruction), tubular function remains intact. The kidneys respond to the decreased effective flow by avidly reabsorbing water and sodium, resulting in concentrated urine (Uosm > 500) and low fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa < 1%), similar to prerenal azotemia. In **late** postrenal azotemia, prolonged pressure leads to tubular damage, resulting in an inability to concentrate urine (isosthenuria, Uosm < 350 mOsm/kg).

Flashcard 1337: Along with Bats, Rabies virus is also commonly carried by _____ in the western U.S.

Answer: skunks

Flashcard 1338: Which is more common, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency? _____

Answer: Folate deficiency

Flashcard 1339: _____ dermatitis arises upon exposure to allergens (e.g. nickel, poison ivy, neomycin)

Answer: Contact

Flashcard 1340: The most common gallstone complication is _____

Answer: cholecystitis