Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1311: One risk factor for pyelonephritis is urinary tract _____

Answer: obstruction (not infection)

Flashcard 1312: Which type of esophageal cancer (SCC or adenocarcinoma) is classically associated with achalasia?

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma

Extra: Chronic food stasis in achalasia leads to inflammation and an increased risk of **squamous cell carcinoma**. Adenocarcinoma is primarily associated with Barrett's esophagus (GERD).

Flashcard 1313: Brain injury similar to mild global cerebral ischemia may occur with repeat episodes of _____

Answer: hypoglycemia (e.g., insulinoma)

Flashcard 1314: What parasitic infection are patients with IgA deficiency susceptible to? _____

Answer: Giardia

Flashcard 1315: Treatment of uric acid kidney stones involves _____ of urine (e.g. potassium bicarbonate)

Answer: alkalinization

Flashcard 1316: Which thyroid imbalance presents with constipation?_____

Answer: Hypothyroidism

Flashcard 1317: Which form of Leishmaniasis can present with fever, pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly?_____

Answer: Visceral leishmaniasis (L. donovani)

Flashcard 1318: What demographic (age, gender) is associated with ankylosing spondylitis?_____

Answer: Young adult males

Flashcard 1319: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome often presents with glucose levels > _____ mg/dL and increased serum osmolarity (> 320 mOsm/kg)

Answer: 600

Flashcard 1320: One complication of acute pyelonephritis is uro-_____

Answer: sepsis