Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 371: The presence of _____ on CT establishes the diagnosis of perforated viscus.

Answer: intraperitoneal free air

Flashcard 372: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with sharp, localized chest pain that is worsened with inspiration and tender to palpation? _____

Answer: Costochondritis

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Flashcard 373: Osteoporosis with palpable vertebral step-off and pinpoint tenderness = _____

Answer: compression fracture

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 374: Irregular mass post-trauma to breast is suggestive of _____

Answer: fat necrosis

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Flashcard 375: What is the next step in management for a patient with suspected vertebral metastasis? _____

Answer: MRI of the spine

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Flashcard 376: _____ is a normocytic anemia characterized by sickle cells on peripheral smear and the presence of HbS on electrophoresis.

Answer: Sickle cell anemia

Extra: Diagnosis is confirmed via hemoglobin electrophoresis. Patients often present with dactylitis (infants) or pain crises. Chronic hemolysis leads to autosplenectomy and increased risk of encapsulated organism infections (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae).

Flashcard 377: What disorder may be diagnosed using the pathergy test? _____

Answer: Behçet syndrome

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Flashcard 378: What is the diagnostic test for pseudotumor cerebri (benign/idiopathic intracranial hypertension)? _____

Answer: LP with increased opening pressure

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 379: In the workup of a thyroid nodule, if the TSH is **low**, what is the next step to take? _____

Answer: RAIU (Scintigraphy)

Extra: If TSH is low in the setting of a thyroid nodule, a radionuclide scan (RAIU/Scintigraphy) is performed to determine if the nodule is 'hot' (functioning) or 'cold' (non-functioning). Hot nodules are usually benign, whereas cold nodules require further workup with ultrasound and FNA.

Flashcard 380: What is the best initial diagnostic step for thyroglossal duct cyst? _____

Answer: U/S

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