Transcription/translation — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: Give the six steps of collagen synthesis.

Answer: 1. translation 2. hydroxylation 3. glycosylation 4. exocytosis 5. proteolytic processing 6. cross-linking

Flashcard 22: Identify the nitrogenous base shown:

Answer: Uracil::(Found in RNA, lacks a methyl group compared to Thymine)

Flashcard 23: "degenerate/redundant" with reference to the genetic code

Answer: most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons

Flashcard 24: "unambiguous" with reference to the genetic code

Answer: Each codon specifies only one amino acid

Extra: The genetic code is:\n1. **Unambiguous**: Each codon codes for only one amino acid.\n2. **Degenerate/Redundant**: Most amino acids are coded by multiple codons.\n3. **Universal**: Conserved throughout evolution (with minor exceptions like mitochondria).

Flashcard 25: Where on the tRNA does the amino acid bind?

Answer: 3' CCA sequence

Flashcard 26: What is the conserved sequence found on all tRNAs at the 3' end?

Answer: CCA

Flashcard 27: What is the 2° structure of tRNA? 3°?

Answer: 2° - cloverleaf 3° - L-shape

Flashcard 28: What is the typical length of a tRNA?

Answer: 75-90 nucleotides

Flashcard 29: Give the steps of pre-mRNA splicing.

Answer: 1. Primary transcript combines with snRNPS and proteins to form spliceosome 2. Lariat intermediate formed 3. Lariat is released by joining exons

Flashcard 30: snRNP

Answer: small nuclear ribonucleic particles; involved in splicing of pre-mRNA