PI3K-Akt pathway — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: mTOR is a _____

Answer: protooncogene (protooncogene or tumorsuppressor?)

Flashcard 2: Tumor suppressor genes _____ cell growth

Answer: regulate

Flashcard 3: What type of receptor do growth hormones use for their signaling pathways? _____

Answer: Receptor associated tyrosine kinases

Flashcard 4: What type of oncogene is ABL?_____

Answer: Tyrosine kinase (signal transducer)

Flashcard 5: NADPH oxidase

Answer: respiratory burst

Extra: O2O2-

Flashcard 6: Give the pathway by which glucagon/Epi regulate glycogen.

Answer: glucagon/Epi, adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, protein kinase A, glycogen phosphorylsae kinase, glycogen phosphorylase

Flashcard 7: Give the pathway by which insulin regulates glycogen.

Answer: insulin, tyrosine kinase receptor, protein phosphatases, inactivated glycogen phosphorylase kinase and glycogen phorphorylase

Flashcard 8: If an enyzme is a kinase, what do you know about its function?

Answer: uses ATP to add phosphate group to substrate

Flashcard 9: How does a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) work?

Answer: 1. Patient's blood sample washed over a fixed antibody linked to a color-generating enzyme. 2. Any antibody-antibody-enzyme complex produces color change.

Flashcard 10: What is the function of cyclin proteins?

Answer: regulate cell cycle; concentrations are cyclic and phase-dependent, complex with and activate CDKs