Dysregulation in disease states — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which cytokine(s) utilize receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways?_____

Answer: TGF-

Flashcard 2: Targets of JAK (tyrosine kinase associated-receptor pathway) include _____, which cause transcription of new mRNAs and new protein synthesis

Answer: STATs

Flashcard 3: _____ proteins are specific transcription factors that bind to cAMP response elements (CREs) to cause a response to cAMP

Answer: cAMP response element binding (CREB)

Flashcard 4: What type of oncogene is RAS?_____

Answer: GTP-binding protein (signal transducer)

Flashcard 5: What type of receptor do growth hormones use for their signaling pathways? _____

Answer: Receptor associated tyrosine kinases

Flashcard 6: Downstream effects of insulin cause protein _____ (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation)

Answer: dephosphorylation

Flashcard 7: _____ facilitate hydrolysis of GTP, decreasing the rate of G protein activation

Answer: GTPase activating proteins (GAPs)

Flashcard 8: Toxin B from Clostridium difficile causes _____ (cytoskeleton disruption),thereby causing pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea.

Answer: actin depolymerization

Flashcard 9: NADPH oxidase

Answer: respiratory burst

Extra: O2O2-

Flashcard 10: Give the pathway by which glucagon/Epi regulate glycogen.

Answer: glucagon/Epi, adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, protein kinase A, glycogen phosphorylsae kinase, glycogen phosphorylase