Molecular Genetics — Flashcards

Flashcard 771: Which cell cycle checkpoint is blocked by p53?_____

Answer: G1 to S

Flashcard 772: One feature of the genetic code is that it is _____: genetic code is conserved throughout evolution

Answer: universal

Flashcard 773: _____ uses a fluorescent DNA/RNA probe to bind to a specific gene of interest on chromosomes

Answer: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Flashcard 774: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the _____ chain of hemoglobin

Answer: Beta (β) chain

Extra: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a missense mutation in the β-globin gene (on chromosome 11), leading to the substitution of glutamic acid with valine at the 6th position of the β-globin chain.

Flashcard 775: What class of diseases is Fragile X syndrome a part of?_____

Answer: Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases

Flashcard 776: Once hyperphosphorylated, Rb releases the E2F transcription factor which initates the _____ phase

Answer: S

Flashcard 777: Which pyrimidine is characterized by no amino group at the 12 o'clock position AND no methyl group(s)?_____

Answer: Uracil

Flashcard 778: Drugs that block DNA replication often have a modified _____, preventing addition of the next nucleotide ("chain termination")

Answer: 3' OH

Flashcard 779: Cancers may express _____ to prevent chromosome shortening and cell death

Answer: telomerase

Flashcard 780: A _____ mutation results in a heterozygote in which one allele produces a nonfunctional altered protein that also prevents the normal gene product from the normal allele from functioning

Answer: dominant negative