Metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 1441: What may cause increased levels of both insulin and C-peptide (2)? _____

Answer: Insulinoma, sulfonylurea drugs

Flashcard 1442: Uncoupling agents cause a _____ proton gradient and a block of ATP synthesis

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 1443: Which insulin-independent transporter is found in the spermatocytes and the GI tract (fructose)? _____

Answer: GLUT-5

Flashcard 1444: Ketogenesis occurs in prolonged starvation and ketoacidosis due to the depletion of ________, which is used for gluconeogenesis and thus unavailable for the TCA cycle.

Answer: Oxaloacetate

Extra: In starvation and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), oxaloacetate (OAA) is consumed for gluconeogenesis. This depletion of OAA prevents Acetyl-CoA from entering the TCA cycle, shunting it instead into the production of ketone bodies.

Flashcard 1445: Deamination of guanine makes _____

Answer: xanthine

Flashcard 1446: What is the effect of uncoupling agents (ETC) on O2 consumption? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 1447: Factor IX of the coagulation cascade is activated by factor _____

Answer: XIa

Flashcard 1448: Which organs (2) phosphorylate glucose using glucokinase? _____

Answer: Liver and pancreatic beta cells

Flashcard 1449: What hormone acts through a receptor guanylyl cyclase? _____

Answer: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Flashcard 1450: Which form of C5 convertase is produced via the lectin and classic complement pathways?

Answer: C4b2a3b