Glycolysis — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: The Warburg effect states that cancers produce energy via a high rate of _____ followed by lactic acid fermentation

Answer: glycolysis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 42: 2-phosphoglycerate is converted into _____ via the enzyme enolase

Answer: phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt2 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-2?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 43: Glucocorticoids increase hepatic _____ storage

Answer: glycogen

Extra:   Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 44: _____ is converted to fructose-2,6-bisphosphate via the enzyme phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2)

Answer: Fructose-6-phosphate

Extra:   Watch Reg PFK 1 FBPase 1 F 2, 6 BP Fed Fasting State [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-regulation-of-pfk-1-and-fbpase-1-by-f-26-bp-and-during-the-fed-and-fasting-state?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 45: What is the only metabolic pathway for generating ATP, anaerobically? _____

Answer: Glycolysis

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 46: Conversion of glyceraldehyde-3P into 1,3-BPG (glycolysis) produces a molecule of _____

Answer: NADH

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt2 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-2?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 47: Pyruvate kinase is regulated via positive feedback by _____ (glycolysis)

Answer: fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt2 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-2?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 48: What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis? _____

Answer: Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt1 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-1?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 49: Increased phosphofructokinase-2 _____ glycolysis and _____ gluconeogenesis

Answer: stimulates

Extra:   Watch Reg PFK 1 FBPase 1 F 2, 6 BP Fed Fasting State [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-regulation-of-pfk-1-and-fbpase-1-by-f-26-bp-and-during-the-fed-and-fasting-state?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 50: What are the following in relation to enzyme deficiency in glycolysis and insulin release from pancreatic cells? -Aldolase -Enolase -Glucokinase -Lactate dehydrogenase -Phosphofructokinase -Pyruvate carboxylase -Pyruvate kinase

Answer: (Aldolase, Enolase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase): Deficiency of these enzymes presents with hemolytic anemia, as RBCs rely completely on anaerobic glycolysis for energy. - Glucokinase: Deficiency leads to impaired insulin release, resulting in MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young). - Lactate dehydrogenase: Converts pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic glycolysis. Deficiency can cause muscle stiffness and exercise intolerance. - Pyruvate carboxylase: Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Deficiency causes lactic acidosis (pyruvate is shunted to lactate) and fasting hypoglycemia (due to inability to perform gluconeogenesis from pyruvate).