Upper/Lower Limb — Flashcards

Flashcard 191: Piriformis syndrome is caused by hypertrophy or injury to the piriformis muscle, compressing structures traveling through the **____**. Name the **8 structures** passing **below** the piriformis muscle:

Answer: Greater sciatic foramen 1. Sciatic nerve 2. Inferior gluteal nerve 3. Inferior gluteal vessels 4. Internal pudendal vessels 5. Pudendal nerve 6. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh 7. Nerve to obturator internus 8. Nerve to quadratus femoris

Extra: Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen (GSF) are categorized by their relationship to the piriformis muscle: **Above Piriformis:** 1. Superior gluteal nerve 2. Superior gluteal artery 3. Superior gluteal vein **Below Piriformis:** 1. Sciatic nerve (most commonly compressed in Piriformis Syndrome) 2. Inferior gluteal nerve 3. Inferior gluteal vessels 4. Internal pudendal vessels 5. Pudendal nerve 6. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh 7. Nerve to obturator internus 8. Nerve to quadratus femoris *Note: The pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels pass out of the GSF and back into the lesser sciatic foramen to reach the perineum.*

Flashcard 192: Boxer's Fractures are caused by a fracture of the metacarpal _____

Answer: neck

Flashcard 193: What kind of rotation do the following muscles allow the hip to do? - Iliopsoas (F) - Gluteus maximus (E) - Piriformis (AB) - Obturator (AD)

Answer: External rotation

Flashcard 194: What are the contents of the femoral sheath? _____

Answer: Femoral artery, femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve, femoral vein and femoral canal (deep inguinal lymph nodes of Cloquet)

Flashcard 195: Thoracic outlet syndrome most commonly occurs due to compression of structures within the _____

Answer: scalene triangle

Flashcard 196: Patients with a _____ discrepancy are at increased risk of Trochanteric Bursitis

Answer: leg-length

Flashcard 197: What action do the following muscles allow the hip to do?_____Iliopsoas (Iliacus + Psoas major / minor)Rectus femorisTensor fascia lataSartoriusPectineus

Answer: Hip flexion

Flashcard 198: Osteoporosis may present with fracture of the femoral neck or distal _____ (Colles fracture)

Answer: radius

Flashcard 199: The _____ artery is commonly injured due a knee dislocation

Answer: popliteal

Flashcard 200: The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery as it crosses the _____

Answer: inguinal ligament