Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 571: Retinal detachment eventually results in monocular loss of vision like a(n) "_____"

Answer: curtain drawn down

Extra: Differential diagnosis for painless vision loss: 1. Retinal Detachment (Curtain description) 2. Amaurosis Fugax (Transient curtain) 3. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (Sudden, cherry red spot) 4. Vitreous Hemorrhage (Floaters, hazy view of fundus)

Flashcard 572: _____ is the neurosensory retina separates from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium

Answer: Retinal detachment

Flashcard 573: Systemic clinical exam for suspected **central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)**: _____

Answer: **Eyes**: Fundoscopy (cherry red spot), Swinging light test (RAPD) **Cardiac**: Carotid auscultation (bruits), Heart auscultation (murmurs), Radial pulse (AF screening) **GCA**: History (jaw claudication, scalp tenderness), temporal artery palpation

Flashcard 574: In central retinal artery occlusion swinging light test will show _____

Answer: complete or relative afferent pupillary defect

Flashcard 575: The most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion in patients <40yrs is _____

Answer: cardiac emboli (AF, valvular disease, infective endocarditis, congenital heart disease)

Flashcard 576: Acute management of central retinal artery occlusion if suspected giant cell arteritis is _____

Answer: IV corticosteroids!

Flashcard 577: What are the fundoscopy findings for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): _____, optic disc pallor, & bayonetting of vessels

Answer: Optic disc cupping

Flashcard 578: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) risk factors: _____ European or African descent Diabetes mellitus Myopia Corticosteroids use

Answer: Family history

Flashcard 579: What is the initial management of acute angle closure glaucoma? _____

Answer: Emergency ophthalmology review + IOP-decreasing medications

Flashcard 580: _____ conditions (e.g. acute glaucoma, chronic uveitis, previous retinal detachment) can contribute to cataract formation

Answer: Ocular