Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 551: Dry macular degeneration is treated with _____ and antioxidant supplements; also smoking cessation if applicable

Answer: multivitamin

Flashcard 552: What is the initial investigation of choice for Macular Degeneration after initial examination & fundoscopy? _____

Answer: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Extra: Amsler Grid is used for initial screening and home monitoring of metamorphopsia. OCT is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of progression/therapy (e.g., in Wet AMD).

Flashcard 553: What is the management of suspected WET macular degeneration in primary care? _____

Answer: Urgent referral to a macula service (treatment should be started promptly)

Flashcard 554: Wet macular degeneration is associated with _____ decrease in vision

Answer: rapid

Flashcard 555: What is the management of a contact lens user with suspected keratitis? _____

Answer: Same-day assessment

Flashcard 556: Dry macular degeneration is associated with _____ decrease in vision

Answer: gradual

Flashcard 557: Severe macular degeneration can present with _____, which is known as Charles-Bonnet syndrome

Answer: visual hallucinations

Flashcard 558: What is the management of keratitis? _____ Topical antibiotics Cyclopentolate (cycloplegic-mydriatic drug) for pain relief

Answer: Terminate use of contact lenses

Flashcard 559: _____ presents with sudden monocular painless visual loss

Answer: Central retinal artery occlusion

Flashcard 560: Central retinal artery occlusion is characterized by acute, _____ monocular vision loss

Answer: painless