Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: Otitis media with effusion usually occurs in children with _____ dysfunction - e.g. Downs Syndrome or Cleft palate

Answer: eustachian tube

Flashcard 22: Children are more likely to develop acute otitis media if there is a _____ in the household and if they are formula-fed

Answer: smoker

Flashcard 23: Otitis media with effusion may present with a feeling of _____ in the ear and conductive hearing loss

Answer: pressure

Flashcard 24: Hearing loss may manifest as _____ in young children

Answer: speech and language developmental delay

Flashcard 25: NICE recommend that children with otitis media with effusion are investigated with _____ and tympanometry

Answer: audiometry

Flashcard 26: What is the management of Guttate Psoriasis?

Answer: • Most cases resolve spontaneously within 2-3 months • Topical agents (Corticosteroids, Vitamin D analogues) • UVB phototherapy (narrowband) • Treatment of underlying streptococcal infection (if present)

Extra: Guttate psoriasis is often preceded by a streptococcal pharyngeal infection. While the lesions (small, drop-like papules) often self-resolve, UVB therapy is the most effective treatment for clearing the skin. Antibiotics may be indicated if there is an active infection.

Flashcard 27: What skin condition can Sarcoidosis present on the shins in?

Answer: • Erythema nodosum

Flashcard 28: What does management for Retinal Vein Occlusion aim to treat?

Answer: • Macular edema • Prevention of neovascularization (and its complications like vitreous hemorrhage or neovascular glaucoma)

Flashcard 29: What does Herpes Simplex keratitis commonly present with?

Answer: • Dendritic Corneal Ulcer

Flashcard 30: What are the features of Optic Neuritis? 5

Answer: 1. Unilateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or days 2. Poor discrimination of colours, ‘red desaturation’ 3. Pain worse on eye movements 4. RAPD 5. Central Scotoma