General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 741: Small artery disease can cause central retinal artery occlusion in _____ patients commonly co-morbid with diabetes or/and hypertension.

Answer: older

Extra: Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) is essentially an 'ischemic stroke' of the eye. In older patients, the primary risk factors are those that promote atherosclerosis (HTN, DM, Smoking, Hyperlipidemia). In younger patients, we look for cardiac embolic sources, vasculitis, or thrombophilias.

Flashcard 742: Acute management of central retinal artery occlusion involves various methods, not one is "gold-standard"; _____, IV acetazolamide, inhaled carbogen/hyperbaric oxygen/sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, or/and intra-arterial fibrinolysis

Answer: ocular massage

Flashcard 743: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with sudden loss of vision in the left eye for the past hour? O/E of the eye reveals subtle retinal whitening. Cardiac examination is significant for a left carotid bruit. _____

Answer: Central retinal artery occlusion

Flashcard 744: Is infective conjunctivitis typically unilateral or bilateral?

Answer: Typically starts unilaterally, then becomes bilateral within 24-48 hours.

Flashcard 745: Risk factors for retinal detachment: Myopia Ocular trauma _____ surgery Posterior vitreous detachment

Answer: Intraocular

Flashcard 746: A _____ detachment in retinal detachment occurs when the retina is pulled away from the retinal pigment epithelium by fibrovascular tissue or scarring commonly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer: tractional

Flashcard 747: _____ infective conjunctivitis may present with periauricular lymphadenopathy on examination

Answer: Viral

Flashcard 748: Retinal detachment is _____

Answer: irreversible

Extra: Retinal detachment is a surgical emergency. Without surgical reattachment, the separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium leads to permanent vision loss.

Flashcard 749: The most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion is _____

Answer: carotid artery atherosclerosis

Flashcard 750: Retinal detachment can be caused by _____ ocular trauma

Answer: blunt