General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 441: What is the management of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy? _____

Answer: - tighter glucose control - control of cardiovascular risk factors

Flashcard 442: Patients who have had pupils dilated should NOT drive for _____ after

Answer: 6 hours

Flashcard 443: Screening for diabetic retinopathy: - T1DM: _____ - T2DM: At diagnosis, then annually from age 12

Answer: Annual screening from age 12

Extra: In the UK (NHS), screening is offered to all patients with diabetes aged 12 and over. Note that T2DM patients require screening at diagnosis as they may have had the disease for years, whereas T1DM typically starts screening 5 years after diagnosis or at puberty/age 12.

Flashcard 444: Edoxaban is a direct factor _____ inhibitor

Answer: Xa

Flashcard 445: Patients taking DOACs undergoing surgery with a low-risk of bleeding should stop taking the DOAC roughly _____ prior to surgery

Answer: 1 day

Flashcard 446: Apixaban is a direct factor _____ inhibitor

Answer: Xa

Flashcard 447: _____ is a retinal damage caused by chronic hyperglycemia

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy

Flashcard 448: _____ is the leading cause of sight impairment in the working-age population.

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy

Flashcard 449: Why is screening important in diabetic retinopathy?\n_____

Answer: Patients are asymptomatic until later stages. Screening allows detection of early disease, where it can be prevented from progressing to vision loss.

Flashcard 450: Diabetic retinopathy presents _____ until later stages, then irreversible significant visual impairment occurs

Answer: asymptomatically