General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 421: If prasugrel must be stopped for surgery, it should be stopped _____ prior

Answer: 7 days

Flashcard 422: What is the mechanism of action for unfractionated heparin? _____

Answer: Binds to antithrombin III, causing indirect inhibition of factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa

Flashcard 423: What is the mechanism of action for fondaparinux? _____

Answer: Indirect inhibition of Xa via activation of antithrombin III

Flashcard 424: Aspirin works by _____ inhibiting COX-1

Answer: irreversibly

Extra: Aspirin acetylates the active site of COX-1, leading to irreversible inhibition. Since platelets cannot synthesize new proteins, the effect lasts for the lifetime of the platelet (approx. 7–10 days).

Flashcard 425: What is the mechanism of action for low molecular weight heparin? _____

Answer: Indirect inhibition of Xa via activation of antithrombin III

Flashcard 426: The reversal agent of dabigatran is _____

Answer: Idarucizumab (Praxbind)

Flashcard 427: The reversal agent of rivaroxaban is _____

Answer: andexanet alfa (Andexxa)

Flashcard 428: Vision loss from _____ diabetic retinopathy may result from macular oedema

Answer: nonproliferative

Flashcard 429: Tractional retinal detachment can be caused by _____ retinopathy

Answer: proliferative diabetic

Flashcard 430: The reversal agent of edoxaban is _____

Answer: Andexanet alfa

Extra: Edoxaban is a direct Factor Xa inhibitor. While initial trials focused on rivaroxaban and apixaban, Andexanet alfa (a decoy receptor) is now the standard reversal agent for edoxaban-associated life-threatening bleeding. For Dabigatran (Direct Thrombin Inhibitor), the reversal agent is Idarucizumab.