General Surgery UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master General Surgery with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
General Surgery Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 141: When prescribing fluids, what is the potassium requirment per day?
Answer: 1mmol/kg/day
Flashcard 142: When is Tamoxifen used in Breast Cancer management?
Answer: • ER/PR +ve premenopausal women (First-line)
• ER/PR +ve postmenopausal women (Alternative to Aromatase Inhibitors)
• Chemoprevention in high-risk women
• Male breast cancer (DOC)
Extra: Tamoxifen is a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). While primarily the drug of choice for hormone receptor-positive premenopausal women, it can be used in postmenopausal women if Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) are contraindicated or not tolerated. It also significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and is used for primary prevention in high-risk individuals. Unlike AIs, Tamoxifen is also the standard for treating male breast cancer.
Flashcard 143: What should be done with ACE inhibitors and ARBs prior to
surgery?
Answer: Discontinue 24 hours before due to risk of hypotension with
anaesthesia
Flashcard 144: In the management of breast cancer, the FEC-D regimen is used to:
Answer: • Downstage a primary tumor before surgery (neoadjuvant treatment)
• Treat systemic microscopic disease if axillary nodes are positive after surgery (adjuvant treatment)
Extra: FEC-D is a chemotherapy regimen commonly used for Breast Cancer.
FEC = Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide.
D = Docetaxel.
Flashcard 145: Why is mastoiditis a medical emergency?
Answer: Potential risk of meningitis
Flashcard 146: _____ is a severe, necrotising infection of the external auditory canal which can extend to the skull base
Answer: Malignant otitis externa
Flashcard 147: Acute otitis media is typically _____ and lasts 3 days, but can last up to 1 week
Answer: self-limiting
Flashcard 148: What can be an adverse effect of axillary node clearance in Breast Cancer surgery?
Answer:
• Arm lymphedema and functional arm impairment
• sensations of: heaviness, tightness, and weakness along with a limited range of motion
Flashcard 149: Otoscopy of otitis externa will show an _____ & erythematous external canal with a non-bulging tympanic membrane which may be obscured by debris
Answer: oedematous
Flashcard 150: How many weeks before major elective surgery should a patient stop taking combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)?
Answer: 4 weeks prior to surgery
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