Rheumatology & Haematology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Rheumatology & Haematology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Rheumatology & Haematology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 431: Secondary polycythemia (due to hypoxemia) is characterized by _____ SaO2 percentage.
Answer: decreased
Extra: Other causes of secondary polycythemia (like EPO-secreting tumors) may have normal SaO2 but elevated EPO.
Flashcard 432: The t(_____;22) translocation generates a(n) BCR-ABL fusion protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Answer: 9
Flashcard 433: Accelerated phase of CML can present with _____ due to functional neutropenia (even if total WBC is high).
Answer: recurrent infections
Extra: WHO Criteria for Accelerated Phase CML:
1. Blasts 10–19% in PB or BM
2. PB basophils ≥20%
3. Persistent thrombocytopenia (<100 x 10⁹/L) unrelated to therapy or persistent thrombocytosis (>1000 x 10⁹/L) uncontrolled by therapy
4. Increasing spleen size and increasing WBC count unresponsive to therapy
5. Cytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution
Flashcard 434: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with pruritus, especially after bathing, splenomegaly, headaches, and pancytosis on laboratory exam?
_____
Answer: Polycythemia vera
Flashcard 435: Polycythaemia vera is variable but typically occurs in ages >_____ years
Answer: 60
Flashcard 436: What is the definitive investigation for chronic myeloid leukaemia which helps with determining the phase?
_____
Answer: Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy
Flashcard 437: The t(9;22) translocation (BCR-ABL) is also known as the _____ chromosome most commonly seen in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
Answer: Philadelphia
Flashcard 438: Polycythaemia vera is a form of _____ polycythemia
Answer: primary
Flashcard 439: _____ is a myeloproliferative disorder causing a neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially red blood cells
Answer: Polycythaemia vera
Flashcard 440: What is the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in the blastic crisis?
_____
Answer: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) + Induction chemotherapy + Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Extra: Blastic crisis is managed similarly to acute leukemia. Treatment involves a combination of high-dose TKIs (like dasatinib) and induction chemotherapy to return the patient to a second chronic phase, followed by an allogeneic stem cell transplant, which is the only curative option.
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