Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: Patients allergic to aspirin may also react to which DMARD?

Answer: • Sulfasalazine

Flashcard 32: Young Asian woman with headaches, unequal blood pressure in upper limbs, and claudication, diagnosis?

Answer: • Takayasu Arteritis

Flashcard 33: What is the imaging of choice for suspected Osteomyelitis?

Answer: • MRI

Flashcard 34: Which HLA allele is most commonly associated with Takayasu Arteritis?

Answer: HLA-B51

Extra: Takayasu arteritis is a large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its main branches. While it commonly causes renal artery stenosis (a clinical manifestation), it is most notably associated with the HLA-B51 allele (though this association is stronger in Behçet's, it is frequently cited in Takayasu literature along with HLA-B*52). Note: Renal artery stenosis is a *complication* or *finding* of the disease rather than an associated "condition".

Flashcard 35: How does Sjogren's Syndrome present?

Answer: • Dry Mouth • Dry Eyes • Dry Vagina *also dry skin, joint pain and stiffness

Flashcard 36: What are the antibodies associated with Sjogren's syndrome?

Answer: • Anti-Ro • Anti-La

Flashcard 37: How can undisplaced patella fractures with an intact extensor mechanism be managed?

Answer: • Conservatively with knee immobilisation

Flashcard 38: What is the classic triad of Fat Embolism Syndrome?

Answer: 1. Respiratory changes -> hypoxia, dyspnea 2. Neurological signs -> confusion 3. Petechial Rash

Flashcard 39: Patient presents with abdominal pain, arthritis, haematuria and a purpuric rash over the buttocks and extensor surfaces of arms and legs, diagnosis?

Answer: • Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Flashcard 40: What are the antibodies used to diagnose Antiphospholipid syndrome?

Answer: • Anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG or IgM) • Lupus anticoagulant • Anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (IgG or IgM)

Extra: Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) requires at least one clinical criterion (vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity) and at least one laboratory criterion (positive results for one of these antibodies on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart).