Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 361: What are the bone marrow aspiration finding(s) for myelofibrosis? _____

Answer: "Dry tap" because of severe marrow fibrosis

Flashcard 362: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with respiratory distress, hypotension, and noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema up to 6 hours after a blood transfusion? _____

Answer: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Flashcard 363: What blood transfusion is the most common cause of death? _____

Answer: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Flashcard 364: What is the most common blood transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

Flashcard 365: What is the recommended RBC pre-treatment for a patient who will receive a RBC transfusion and has a history of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Leukoreduction

Flashcard 366: What is the management of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions? _____

Answer: Nothing; self-limiting

Flashcard 367: What is the management of anaphylactic transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Stop transfusion, IM adrenaline, ABC support (O2, fluids)

Flashcard 368: What is the management of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)? _____

Answer: Stop transfusion and provide supportive care (oxygen, mechanical ventilation if needed)

Extra: Management of TRALI is primarily supportive. Unlike TACO (Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload), diuretics are generally not indicated in TRALI unless there is concurrent fluid overload, and aggressive fluids should be avoided as they can worsen respiratory status.

Flashcard 369: Myelofibrosis can present with _____ splenomegaly

Answer: symptomatic

Flashcard 370: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops a fever, chills, flushing, and malaise two hours after starting RBC tranfusion? Coombs test is negative. _____

Answer: Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction