Rheumatology & Haematology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Rheumatology & Haematology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Rheumatology & Haematology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 301: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with recurrent infections, ecchymoses, and a dermatological rash. Blood smear shows Auer rods.
_____
Answer: Acute myeloid leukaemia
Flashcard 302: The confirmatory investigation for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is _____.
Answer: Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy
Extra: AML is suggested by Auer rods on peripheral smear. Confirmed by BM biopsy showing ≥ 20% myeloblasts. Special stains: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive.
Flashcard 303: FBC for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia:
_____ thrombocytes
↓ Hb
↓/normal/↑ WBC
Answer: ↓
Flashcard 304: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may occur secondary to malignancy, such as _____, due to activation of the coagulation cascade by primary granules
Answer: acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML sub-type)
Flashcard 305: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can cause _____ because of suppression of thrombocytopoiesis
Answer: bleeding/bruising
Flashcard 306: Acute myeloid leukemia progresses _____ within days to weeks
Answer: rapidly
Flashcard 307: Acute leukaemia is of increased risk in patients with prior _____
Answer: chemotherapy / ionising radiation
Flashcard 308: Does acute myeloid leukaemia typically present with lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly?
_____
Answer: No (rare)
Flashcard 309: Acute myeloid leukaemia is classified using the _____ classification system to predict prognosis and guide management decisions.
Answer: WHO (2022)
Extra: The WHO (2022) classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) are the current standards. Most AML subtypes still require ≥20% blasts in the blood or bone marrow, though some genetic-defined AMLs (like APL) can be diagnosed with lower blast counts.
Flashcard 310: Blood smear for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is typically associated with _____ blasts with scant cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli.
Answer: small to medium
Extra: Lymphoblasts (ALL) are generally smaller than myeloblasts (AML). They have condensed/clumped chromatin, scant cytoplasm, and lack Auer rods.
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