Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 231: Iron deficiency anaemia in children is often caused by excess consumption of _____

Answer: nonfortified cow's milk (> 700 ml/day)

Flashcard 232: Iron deficiency anemia may present with _____ conjunctiva and skin

Answer: pale

Flashcard 233: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in children? _____

Answer: ↑ iron requirement with growth (worsened with poor diet)

Flashcard 234: Iron deficiency is caused by 1. dietary _____ 2. increased iron requirement e.g. growth spurt, pregnancy 3. increased iron loss e.g. GI bleeding from malignancy or peptic ulcer disease, menstrual bleeding, frequent blood donation 4. malabsorption e.g. IBD, coeliac disease, bariatric surgery

Answer: deficiencies e.g. chronic undernutrition, cereal-based diet

Flashcard 235: Iron deficiency anaemia: _____ iron ↓ ferritin ↓ transferrin saturation ↑ total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 236: Sickle cell anaemia has a(n) _____ pattern of inheritance

Answer: autosomal recessive

Flashcard 237: What lifestyle advice is given to patients with iron deficiency anaemia? _____

Answer: - Iron-rich food (e.g. red meats, legumes, green leafy veg) - Foods with vitamin C to ↑ absorption (e.g. citrus fruit) - Eliminate foods that ↓ absorption (e.g. cereal, tea, dairy products)

Flashcard 238: What conditions precipiate sickling in sickle cell anaemia? _____ Acidosis Dehydration

Answer: Hypoxaemia

Flashcard 239: What is the most common cause of pancytopenia? _____

Answer: Megaloblastic anemia

Extra: In India and many developing countries, Megaloblastic anemia (Vitamin B12/Folate deficiency) is the most common cause of pancytopenia. Aplastic anemia is another significant cause.

Flashcard 240: _____ is a severe form of hyposplenism where the spleen "self destructs" causing physiological loss of splenic function

Answer: Autosplenectomy