Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: What is the definitive management for Recurrent Pneumothorax?

Answer: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) with Pleurodesis

Extra: Indications for surgery (VATS/Thoracotomy) in pneumothorax include: 1. Second ipsilateral pneumothorax (recurrence) 2. First contralateral pneumothorax 3. Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax 4. Persistent air leak (>5-7 days) 5. High-risk professions (e.g., pilots, divers)

Flashcard 72: Patient has a cough, low-grade fever and erythema nodosum, what is the diagnosis?

Answer: • Sarcoidosis

Flashcard 73: _____ is a sleep disorder characterised by repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent hypoxia & sleep fragmentation

Answer: Obstructive sleep apnoea

Flashcard 74: What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

Answer: • Lung adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 75: The strongest risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea are _____ followed by (truncal) obesity

Answer: increased neck circumference

Flashcard 76: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has a strong association with _____

Answer: obesity

Extra: While there is a genetic component to craniofacial anatomy and fat distribution, obesity (BMI >30) is the most significant modifiable risk factor for OSA.

Flashcard 77: What is the investigation for obstructive sleep apnoea? First-line: Home _____ Gold-standard: polysomnography

Answer: respiratory polygraphy

Flashcard 78: What PEFR is classed as Moderate Asthma?

Answer: • PEFR 50-75%

Flashcard 79: Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with systemic hypertension that is often resistant to treatment due to chronic _____

Answer: sympathetic activation

Flashcard 80: The biggest risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea in children is _____

Answer: adenotonsillar hypertrophy