Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 361: Sarcoidosis lung function tests may show _____

Answer: restrictive defect from interstitial lung disease

Flashcard 362: Pneumothorax presents with _____resonance to percussion on the affected side

Answer: hyper

Flashcard 363: _____ pneumothorax without high risk characteristics ≤2cm = Conservative management

Answer: Asymptomatic

Extra: For primary spontaneous pneumothorax: - Asymptomatic and small (≤ 2cm): Observation/Conservative management. - Symptomatic OR large (> 2cm): Intervention (Aspiration or Chest Tube).

Flashcard 364: Asthma is an _____ respiratory condition

Answer: obstructive

Flashcard 365: A tension pneumothorax has _____ breath sounds & hyperresonance on the affected side

Answer: reduced

Flashcard 366: Exacerbations or severe cases of bronchiectasis are treated in 2 main ways: _____ Sputum clearance: mucolytics + postural drainage!

Answer: Antibiotics

Flashcard 367: _____ pneumothorax most frequently seen in tall young adults, especially men

Answer: Primary

Flashcard 368: What is the immediate management of a tension pneumothorax? _____ followed by Intercostal chest drain insertion

Answer: Needle decompression (5th ICS mid-axillary line or 2nd ICS mid-clavicular line)

Extra: ATLS 10th edition recommends the 5th intercostal space, anterior to the mid-axillary line as the preferred site for needle decompression in adults. The 2nd ICS mid-clavicular line remains an alternative.

Flashcard 369: There are two types of pneumothorax: - _____ = no underlying lung disease - Secondary = underlying lung disease (e.g. COPD, CF, malignancy, pneumonia)

Answer: Primary

Flashcard 370: Tension pneumothorax results in a rapid rise in intra-thoracic pressure, impeding venous return to the heart and potentially leading to _____ if left untreated

Answer: CARDIAC ARREST