Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 141: What is the management for acute bronchitis in systemically very unwell patients? _____

Answer: Immediate antibiotic prescription (doxycycline)

Flashcard 142: Acute bronchitis (NICE guidelines for antibiotic prescription): CRP < 20 mg/L = _____ CRP 20-100 mg/L = consider delayed antibiotic prescription CRP > 100 mg/L = offer antibiotic therapy

Answer: do not routinely offer antibiotics

Flashcard 143: Acute bronchitis presents with _____ vital signs

Answer: normal

Flashcard 144: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a recent URTI and a persistent productive cough without fever or significant CXR findings? _____

Answer: Acute bronchitis

Flashcard 145: What CXR findings are seen on acute bronchitis? _____

Answer: No significant findings

Flashcard 146: HFNC deliver oxygen/air at a _____ rate than inspiration. This means that air in the anatomical dead space of the lungs is replaced by oxygen/air from HFNC

Answer: faster

Extra: HFNC (High-Flow Nasal Cannula) provides flow rates (up to 60 L/min) that exceed the patient's peak inspiratory flow. This flushes out the anatomical dead space (CO2 washout), reducing the work of breathing and improving oxygenation.

Flashcard 147: _____ helps to prevent airway collapse, improves ventilation and reduces atelectasis in patients who require respiratory support

Answer: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Flashcard 148: _____ provides a higher pressure during inspiration AND a lower pressure during expiration

Answer: BiPAP

Flashcard 149: Patients with long-standing hypoxia may have _____, pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale

Answer: polycythaemia

Flashcard 150: _____ is the most extreme respiratory support only used VERY RARELY when intubation with ventilation is not adequate

Answer: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)