Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 101: _____ is caused by alveolar hyperventilation

Answer: Respiratory alkalosis

Flashcard 102: _____ cancer is the most common primary tumour that metastasises to the brain

Answer: Lung

Flashcard 103: Respiratory Alkalosis: pH: _____ pCO2: ↓ HCO3-: ↓

Answer: ↑

Flashcard 104: Respiratory Acidosis: pH: _____ pCO2: ↑ HCO3-: ↑

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 105: What does a substantial diurnal variation in Peak Expiratory Flow suggest?

Answer: • A patient may have an asthmatic/steroid responsive feature

Flashcard 106: Next step in COPD management if patient remains breathless despite SABA/SAMA AND has asthma/steroid-responsive features?

Answer: Add LABA + ICS (Triple therapy would be LAMA + LABA + ICS)

Extra: According to NICE guidelines for COPD management: 1. If no asthmatic features: SABA/SAMA → LABA + LAMA. 2. If asthmatic features/steroid responsiveness (e.g., high eosinophils, history of asthma): SABA/SAMA → LABA + ICS. 3. If still symptomatic: Triple therapy (LAMA + LABA + ICS).

Flashcard 107: What vaccinations should COPD patients recieve?

Answer: • Annual influenza + one-off pneumococcal

Flashcard 108: What is the normal value for lactate on ABG? _____

Answer: <2 mmol/L

Flashcard 109: What are causes of upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer: • C - Coal worker's pneumoconiosis • H - Histiocytosis / hypersensitivity pneumonitis • A - Ankylosing spondylitis • R - Radiation • T - Tuberculosis • S - Silicosis/sarcoidosis

Flashcard 110: What is the normal range for PaO2 on ABG? _____

Answer: 10 kPa less than the inspired FiO2 (e.g. Room air is 21% so normal PaO2 is 11 kPa)