Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 61: How long is the course of Nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated UTI (cystitis) management?

Answer: 5 days (standard for uncomplicated cystitis)

Extra: Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals are typically given for 5 days for uncomplicated cystitis in women. A 3-day course is common for Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) or Fluoroquinolones, but not for Nitrofurantoin.

Flashcard 62: Should you perform a Urine culture or a Urine dipstick to diagnose a suspected UTI in women aged >65?

Answer: Urine culture (avoid dipstick)::In women >65, asymptomatic bacteriuria is common, making dipstick unreliable.

Extra: In older adults (women >65 and men >65), urine dipsticks have a high false-positive rate for confirming a symptomatic UTI due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Clinical guidelines (such as NICE or SIGN) recommend urine culture over dipstick if a UTI is suspected and testing is required. However, it is also important to note that asymptomatic bacteriuria should NOT be treated unless the patient is pregnant or undergoing urological procedures.

Flashcard 63: What is the management for IgA nephropathy? _____ Targeted-release budesonide

Answer: ACEi or ARB for blood pressure

Flashcard 64: Urinalysis for IgA nephropathy reveals episodic _____ and RBC casts

Answer: haematuria

Flashcard 65: _____ is a glomerulonephritis that occurs 1-2 days after a URTI or gastrointestinal infection

Answer: IgA nephropathy (IgAN)

Flashcard 66: IgA _____ form in the mesangium causing glomerular injury in IgA nephropathy

Answer: immune complexes

Flashcard 67: Metabolic Alkalosis: pH: _____ pCO2: ↑ HCO3-: ↑

Answer: ↑

Flashcard 68: What is the normal range for anion gap on ABG? _____

Answer: 8-16 mmol/L

Flashcard 69: Metabolic alkalosis urinary chloride: <20 mmol/L = _____ >20 mmol/L = Chloride-Resistant

Answer: Chloride-Responsive

Flashcard 70: Metabolic acidosis can have a _____ anion gap when lost HCO3- is replaced by unmeasured anions

Answer: raised