Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 381: Prostate cancer can present with _____uria

Answer: haemat

Flashcard 382: If MRI confirms prostate cancer then perform a _____

Answer: biopsy

Flashcard 383: BPH increases the risk of prostate cancer _____

Answer: F

Flashcard 384: What are Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms LUTS? _____

Answer: STORAGE Frequency Urgency Nocturia VOIDING Weak stream Intermittent stream Straining Emptying incompletey / post-micturition dribbling

Flashcard 385: Prostate cancer can present _____ pain

Answer: back

Flashcard 386: What are the primary modalities used for prostate cancer screening?\n_____ and DRE (Digital Rectal Examination)

Answer: PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

Extra: Screening is generally discussed with men starting at age 50 (or 40-45 for high-risk groups like African Americans or those with a strong family history). Note: Guidelines emphasize shared decision-making due to risks of overdiagnosis.

Flashcard 387: What is the management for metastatic prostate cancer disease? _____

Answer: Hormonal therapy → anti-androgen therapy, GnRH agonist or antagonist

Flashcard 388: What are the initial investigations/examinations for BPH? _____

Answer: DRE & PSA

Flashcard 389: Dihydrotestosterone stimulates the prostate to grow so _____ ↑ with age

Answer: BPH

Flashcard 390: What is the most important question on the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS)? _____

Answer: Quality of Life = "if you were to spend the rest of your life with your urinary condition the way it is now, how would you feel about that?"