Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 281: What is the investigation & management for symptomatic UTIs in pregnancy?

Answer: - **Investigation:** Urine culture - **Management:** 7 days of empiric antibiotics: - Nitrofurantoin 100mg modified release BD for 7 days (AVOID in third trimester/at term) - Amoxicillin 500mg TDS for 7 days - Cefalexin 500mg TDS for 7 days

Flashcard 282: Uric acid kidney stones precipitate with _____ urine pH

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 283: Sum up how urinary tract calculi (kidney stones) present: _____

Answer: - Severe unilateral & colicky flank pain that radiates to the groin - Haematuria - N&V

Flashcard 284: What is the first-line investigation for urinary tract calculi in pregnant women, children, & young people? _____

Answer: Ultrasound KUB

Flashcard 285: _____ diuretics can treat calcium oxalate / phosphate kidney stones

Answer: Thiazide

Flashcard 286: _____ UTIs are defined as ≥ 2 episodes in 6 months, or ≥ 3 in 12 months

Answer: Recurrent

Flashcard 287: _____ is the presence of bacteria in the urine without symptoms of UTI

Answer: Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Flashcard 288: For recurrent calcium oxalate stones consider _____ supplementation and thiazide diuretics

Answer: potassium citrate

Extra: - **Thiazides**: Decrease urinary calcium excretion (hypocalciuric effect) by increasing calcium reabsorption in the distal tubule. - **Potassium Citrate**: Citrate binds to urinary calcium, preventing it from binding to oxalate. It also alkalinizes the urine, which inhibits stone formation.

Flashcard 289: _____ can cause kidney stones

Answer: Protease inhibitors (indinavir)

Flashcard 290: Suspect _____ in a patient with urinary tract calculi + fever

Answer: pyelonephritis