Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: Anti-_____ titres are ↑ in PSGN especially after pharyngitis

Answer: streptolysin O (ASO)

Flashcard 122: PSGN typically occurs _____ following group A β-haemolytic streptococcal infection

Answer: 1-6 weeks

Flashcard 123: AKI may present with _____

Answer: oligouria or anuria

Flashcard 124: PSGN has _____ C3 and normal C4 levels due to activation of the alternative complement pathway

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 125: Acute interstitial nephritis is a drug-induced type _____ hypersensitivity reaction that affects the renal interstitium and tubules

Answer: IV

Flashcard 126: Urinalysis in AKI showing blood + and "muddy brown" casts on microscopy suggests _____

Answer: acute tubular necrosis

Flashcard 127: ABG/VBG with acute kidney injury reveals _____

Answer: metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 128: What size stones are generally considered the upper limit for Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)?

Answer: Stones < 2 cm in diameter (maximal dimension).

Flashcard 129: Urinalysis in AKI showing haematuria, blood ++ suggests _____

Answer: Glomerulonephritis

Extra: Urinalysis in AKI: - Blood ++/RBC casts: Glomerulonephritis or Vasculitis. - Muddy brown casts: Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN). - Eosinophils: Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN). - Normal/Bland: Pre-renal or Post-renal (Obstruction).

Flashcard 130: Ischaemic acute tubular necrosis results from _____

Answer: prolonged renal hypoperfusion