Neurology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neurology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neurology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 61: Following a TIA, anticoagulation for AF should start _____ once imaging has excluded haemorrhage
Answer: immediately
Flashcard 62: What Neurological Differentials could cause Falls? 2
Answer:
• Stroke
• Peripheral Neuropathy
Flashcard 63: What other medications can lead to falls via other mechanisms? 7
Answer:
• Benzodiazepines
• Antipsychotics
• Opiates
• Anticonvulsants
• Codeine
• Digoxin
• Other sedative agents
Flashcard 64: Is Aspiration common in neurological injury?
Answer:
• Yes
Flashcard 65: What can mixed Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) and Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs suggest?
Answer: Motor Neuron Disease (MND) / Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Extra: Mixed UMN and LMN signs are the hallmark of ALS.
Other differentials for mixed signs include:
- Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (UMN in legs, LMN in arms)
- Syringomyelia
- Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Cord (SCD)
- Friedreich Ataxia (though primarily sensory/ataxic)
Flashcard 66: What type of tumour is associated with myasthenia gravis?
Answer:
• Thymomas
Flashcard 67: Hypophonia, Weakness of Facial Muscles and Hanging Jaw Sign, diagnosis?
Answer:
• Myasthenia gravis
Flashcard 68: What are examples of Lower Motor Neurone Signs?
Answer: • Weakness (flaccid paralysis)
• Atrophy/Wasting
• Fasciculations
• Hypotonia (decreased tone)
• Hyporeflexia (decreased reflexes)
• Plantar response: Flexor (Normal) or absent
Extra: Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions occur when there is damage to the motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord or the peripheral nerves.
Key Distinctions:
• Tone: LMN (Hypotonia) vs UMN (Hypertonia/Spasticity)
• Reflexes: LMN (Hyporeflexia) vs UMN (Hyperreflexia/Clonus)
• Muscle Mass: LMN (Significant atrophy) vs UMN (Disuse atrophy only)
• Abnormal Movements: LMN (Fasciculations) vs UMN (None)
• Plantar: LMN (Flexor) vs UMN (Extensor/Babinski)
Flashcard 69: What should be started in cases of suspected encephalitis?
Answer:
• IV aciclovir
Flashcard 70: What are examples of Upper Motor Neurone Signs?
Answer:
• Spasticity: increased muscle tone
• Hyperreflexia: exaggerated reflexes, Babinski
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