Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 231: _____ may be used in addition to MRI for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Answer: CSF electrophoresis

Flashcard 232: The investigation of choice (1st line) for multiple sclerosis is _____.

Answer: MRI (T2 weighted)

Extra: MRI typically shows hyperintense lesions in the periventricular white matter, often referred to as 'Dawson fingers' when oriented perpendicular to the lateral ventricles.

Flashcard 233: What lifestyle modifications may reduce relapse or progression of multiple sclerosis? _____ & Smoking cessation

Answer: Regular exercise

Flashcard 234: Multiple sclerosis is typically diagnosed between _____-40 years old

Answer: 20

Flashcard 235: Do genetics affect the risk of developing multiple sclerosis? _____

Answer: Yes (not directly inherited but there are 100s of genes affecting risk)

Flashcard 236: _____ multiple sclerosis is characterised by discrete attacks of neurologic deficits with full or partial recovery and periods of stability in between.

Answer: Relapsing-remitting

Extra: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common initial course (approx. 85%). It is characterized by clearly defined attacks of new or increasing neurologic symptoms. These attacks are followed by periods of partial or complete recovery (remissions), during which there is no apparent progression of disease.

Flashcard 237: Multiple sclerosis is more common in countries located _____ from the equator

Answer: further

Flashcard 238: Multiple sclerosis is more common in _____

Answer: women

Flashcard 239: Multiple sclerosis is generally categorised into 3 types: _____, secondary progressive disease and primary progressive disease

Answer: relapsing-remitting disease (most common)

Flashcard 240: "drop seizures" with sudden loss of muscle tone < 15 seconds = _____ seizure

Answer: atonic