Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 801: _____ is the test of choice for diagnosing diverticulitis while it can be followed up with colonoscopy to assess the extent of diverticulitis and rule out malignancy
Answer: Abdominal CT with oral and IV contrast
Flashcard 802: Diverticula most commonly forms in the _____ thus presenting with lower abdominal (mostly left-sided) pain
Answer: sigmoid colon
Flashcard 803: On palpation of diverticulitis there is _____
Answer: a tender lower quadrant & in 20% of cases a palpable mass can be felt
Flashcard 804: Diverticular disease (diverticulosis) can be diagnosed via _____, while acute diverticulitis is best diagnosed via CT abdomen with IV contrast.
Answer: colonoscopy or barium enema
Extra: Diverticular disease is a broad term encompassing:
1. **Diverticulosis:** Presence of diverticula (asymptomatic). Diagnosed via colonoscopy or barium enema.
2. **Diverticulitis:** Inflammation/infection. Diagnosed via CT scan.
*Important:* Avoid colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis due to the risk of bowel perforation.
Flashcard 805: What is the management of pyloric stenosis?
_____
Answer: Medical stabilization (IV fluids/electrolytes) followed by surgical pyloromyotomy
Extra: Initial management must focus on correcting hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with IV fluids (Normal Saline with KCl). Definitive treatment is a Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy.
Flashcard 806:
Coeliac disease is associated with _____, type 1 diabetes & autoimmune hepatitis
Answer: dermatitis herpetiformis
Flashcard 807: Coeliac disease can present with anaemia
Hb: _____
Vit B12: ↓
Ferritin: ↓
Answer: ↓
Extra: In Coeliac disease, malabsorption occurs primarily in the proximal small intestine (duodenum and proximal jejunum), which is the main site for iron absorption (leading to ↓ Ferritin). Extensive disease can involve the ileum, leading to Vitamin B12 deficiency. Anaemia is often multifactorial (iron, B12, or folate deficiency).
Flashcard 808: What is the likely diagnosis in an infant that presents with projectile, non-bilious emesis immediately after eating and an olive-shaped mass in the abdomen?
_____
Answer: Pyloric stenosis
Flashcard 809: Pyloric stenosis presents with _____ typically occurring in an infant 3-6 weeks old.
Answer: non-bilious projectile vomiting
Extra: Pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is characterized by hypertrophy of the pylorus, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. \n\nKey features:\n- Non-bilious projectile vomiting (vs. bilious in duodenal atresia).\n- 'Olive-shaped' mass in the epigastrium.\n- Hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.\n- Visible peristaltic waves.
Flashcard 810: Pyloric stenosis presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting, _____, and dehydration
Answer: constipation
Extra: Classical finding: "Olive-shaped" mass in the epigastrium. Diagnosis: Ultrasound showing increased pyloric wall thickness and length.
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