Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 761: The most common presentation of haemorrhoids is _____

Answer: painless, bright red bleeding

Flashcard 762: Colorectal cancers most commonly occur in the _____ decade of life

Answer: 7th

Flashcard 763: What is the standard management for fit patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer?\n_____

Answer: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by Oesophagectomy

Extra: The CROSS trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, improving survival compared to surgery alone.

Flashcard 764: Oesophageal cancer may present with weight _____

Answer: loss

Flashcard 765: How much of the oesophageal lumen is blocked typically before oesophageal cancer becomes symptomatic? _____

Answer: 2/3rds

Flashcard 766: _____ risk factors: - Tobacco use - Alcohol consumption - Diet high in nitrosamines (processed meats) - Achalasia - Plummer-Vinsen syndrome

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma

Flashcard 767: What type of oesophageal cancer is associated with long-standing GORD? _____

Answer: Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 768: What diet increases the risk of colorectal cancer? _____

Answer: Diet rich in fat & meat, low in fibre (Western Lifestyle)

Flashcard 769: _____ is the most common type of oesophageal cancer, associated with GORD/Barret's oesophagus

Answer: Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 770: What 2 hereditary conditions may be considered in colorectal carcinoma? _____

Answer: Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) & Familial Adenomatous Polyposis