Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 741: What is the standard management for fit patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer?\n_____

Answer: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by Oesophagectomy

Extra: The CROSS trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, improving survival compared to surgery alone.

Flashcard 742: What is the investigation of choice for suspected oesophageal cancer? _____

Answer: Upper GI endoscopy

Flashcard 743: What 2 hereditary conditions may be considered in colorectal carcinoma? _____

Answer: Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) & Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Flashcard 744: Colorectal cancers initially start as benign _____

Answer: adenomas/polyps

Flashcard 745: What type of oesophageal cancer is seen with a history of smoking and drinking? _____

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma

Flashcard 746: Colorectal carcinoma is most commonly because of a _____ mutation

Answer: sporadic

Flashcard 747: What type of oesophageal cancer is associated with long-standing GORD? _____

Answer: Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 748: _____ haemorrhoids = originate below the dentate line (prone to thrombosis & may be painful) Internal haemorrhoids = originate above the dentate line (generally painless)

Answer: External

Flashcard 749: _____ is the most common form of inherited colon cancer

Answer: Lynch syndrome

Flashcard 750: What is the alternative investigation for oesophageal cancer if endoscopy is not tolerated? _____

Answer: Barium swallow (rare)