Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 601:
_____ is a chronic functional disorder characterised by abdominal pain, bloating, change in bowel habit caused by gut-brain axis dysregulation
Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome IBS
Flashcard 602: What is the mainstay management of pancreatitis?
_____
Answer: Fluid resuscitation & analgesia (IV opioids)
Flashcard 603:
What are the biggest risk factors for pancreatic cancer?
1 Smoking
2 Diabetes mellitus (esp T2DM)
3 Chronic _____
3 Obesity
4. Family history
Answer: pancreatitis
Flashcard 604: Causes of acute pancreatitis:
_____
Answer:
Idiopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps (other viruses e.g. Cocksackie B)
Autoimmune (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa)
Scorpion sting
HYPERcalcaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperchylomicronaemia
Hypothermia
ERCP
Drugs (azathiprine, mesalazine, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine, steroids, sodium valproate)
Flashcard 605: What is the first-line investigation for large bowel obstruction?
_____
Answer: AXR
Flashcard 606: Should antibiotics be given for pancreatitis?
_____
Answer: Not routinely → potential indications are infected pancreatic necrosis
Flashcard 607:
_____ is the blockage of the large intestine that impedes passage of intestinal contents
Answer: Large bowel obstruction
Flashcard 608: Initial investigation for acute pancreatitis: _____
Answer: Serum amylase and lipase
Extra: Lipase is more specific than amylase and remains elevated longer. Routine CT scan is NOT required for diagnosis if clinical and biochemical criteria are met.
Flashcard 609: Small bowel obstruction is managed with _____ to aspirate content for "decompression"
Answer: NG tube
Flashcard 610: What is the general management approach for mechanical large bowel obstruction?
Answer: Surgical intervention (usually required for mechanical causes)
Extra: Initial management includes NPO, IV fluids, and NG decompression ('drip and suction'). However, unlike small bowel obstruction (SBO), most mechanical LBOs (e.g., malignancy, volvulus) require surgical or endoscopic intervention because the risk of perforation is high (especially if the ileocecal valve is competent).
*Note: Functional obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) is managed conservatively initially.*
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