Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 411: In acute cholecystitis there is _____ AST & ALT, normal bilirubin, normal ALP, normal γ-GT

Answer: mildly ↑

Flashcard 412: _____ can occur in ascites that is most commonly caused by E. coli on ascitic fluid culture

Answer: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Flashcard 413: Paralytic ileus most commonly occurs _____

Answer: postoperatively

Flashcard 414: Acute cholangitis is caused by _____ which results in biliary stasis → bacterial translocation into bile ducts → bacterial infection ascends the biliary tract

Answer: biliary obstruction

Flashcard 415: Investigation of choice for asymptomatic gallstones: _____

Answer: Ultrasonography (USG)

Extra: Asymptomatic gallstones (incidental gallstones) usually require no treatment (Expectant management/Observation). Prophylactic cholecystectomy is only indicated in specific cases (e.g., porcelain gallbladder, stones >3cm, calcified/porcelain gallbladder, or sickle cell anemia).

Flashcard 416: The prognosis of acute cholangitis is _____ with mortality between 10-30% :((

Answer: poor

Flashcard 417: _____ is inflammation of the gallbladder typically caused by cystic duct obstruction by a(n) gallstone

Answer: Acute cholecystitis

Flashcard 418: Acute cholecystitis characteristically presents with _____ & fever

Answer: RUQ pain

Flashcard 419: Iatrogenic cause of ascending cholangitis is _____

Answer: ERCP

Flashcard 420: _____ can present with hypotension & mental status changes in Reynold's pentad

Answer: Acute cholangitis