Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: In a patient with hiccups and hepatic lesions, _____ is a therapeutic option used to reduce liver capsule stretching.

Answer: dexamethasone

Flashcard 22: Possible presentation of Hirschsprung's disease in older children is _____

Answer: Constipation, abdominal distension

Flashcard 23: What features would suggest faecal impaction in children? 1. _____ 2. Overflow Soiling 3. Faecal Mass Palpable in the Abdomen (DRE should be carried out by specialist)

Answer: Symptoms of Severe Constipation

Extra: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is usually not required for diagnosis in primary care and should be carried out by a specialist in children to avoid psychological trauma. Diagnosis is often clinical based on history and abdominal palpation.

Flashcard 24: What are Other causes of Constipation in Children? _____ Low-Fibre Diet Medications e.g. Opiates Anal Fissure Over-enthusiastic potty training Hypothyroidism Hirschsprung's Disease Hypercalcaemia Learning Disabilities

Answer: Dehydration

Flashcard 25: What are the Red Flags for Constipation in Children: _____ > 48 hours Ribbon Stools' Faltering Growth is an amber flag Previously unkown or undiagnosed weakness in legs, locomoter delay Distension Evidence of Child Maltreatment

Answer: Reported from birth or first few weeks of life

Flashcard 26: Possible presentation of Hirschsprung's disease in the neonatal period is _____

Answer: failure or delay to pass meconium

Flashcard 27: The main medication used in treatment of intractable hiccups is _____

Answer: chlorpromazine

Flashcard 28: Sodium valproate can cause _____ and pancreatitis

Answer: hepatotoxicity

Flashcard 29: The MUST score categorised patients into _____

Answer: low, medium and high risk

Flashcard 30: Management of Malnutrition involves a _____ rather than prescribing oral nutritional supplements

Answer: food-first approach