Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 401: What are the aortic root disease that cause aortic regurgitation? _____

Answer: Aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, spondylarthropathies, hypertension, connective tissue syndromes

Flashcard 402: An _____ murmur heard loudest at the 2nd right ICS that radiates to the carotids is characteristic of Aortic Stenosis

Answer: ejection systolic

Flashcard 403: A _____ non-displaced apex may be felt upon chest palpation in a patient with aortic stenosis.

Answer: heaving

Extra: Aortic stenosis causes concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH). This results in a heaving (pressure-overload) apex beat that remains in the normal position (non-displaced). Displacement occurs later if the heart fails and dilates.

Flashcard 404: What is the biggest risk factor for aortic dissection? _____

Answer: Hypertension

Flashcard 405: What murmur is heard upon auscultation in Aortic regurgitation? _____

Answer: Early diastolic murmur (left sternal edge)

Flashcard 406: The pulse in aortic stenosis is _____

Answer: slow rising

Flashcard 407: The most common cause of aortic reguritation: Developing world = _____ Developed world = bicuspid valve

Answer: rheumatic fever

Flashcard 408: Pulse pressure is _____ in aortic regurgitation

Answer: wide

Flashcard 409: Aortic regurgitation is caused by a damaged _____ or distortion/dilation of the aortic root/ascending aorta

Answer: aortic valve

Flashcard 410: What are the initial investigations for suspected aortic stenosis? _____

Answer: ECG & CXR