Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 291: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy on ECG shows _____

Answer: left ventricular hypertrophy

Flashcard 292: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may result in re-entry circuit, causing supraventricular _____

Answer: tachycardia

Flashcard 293: _____ is characteristic for Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) on ECG

Answer: Delta wave

Flashcard 294: What is the definitive management of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? _____

Answer: Catheter ablation

Flashcard 295: What is a major complication of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy? _____

Answer: Sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias

Flashcard 296: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is due to an abnormally fast accessory conduction pathway from the atria to ventricle via the bundle of _____, which bypasses the slower AV node

Answer: Kent

Flashcard 297: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy presents with _____ on auscultation

Answer: ejection systolic murmur

Flashcard 298: What is the medical management of choice for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?

Answer: Beta-blockers (first-line), Verapamil (non-dihydropyridine CCBs), and Disopyramide. Avoid vasodilators and diuretics. Surgical options include septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation.

Extra: Management of HOCM focuses on improving diastolic filling and reducing the outflow gradient. 1. **Beta-blockers:** Prolong diastole and decrease contractility. 2. **Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil):** Used if BBs are not tolerated. 3. **Avoid:** Nitrates, ACE inhibitors, Diuretics, and Digoxin (they worsen the obstruction by decreasing preload or increasing contractility). 4. **Septal Reduction:** For severe symptoms refractory to medical therapy.

Flashcard 299: _____ is an autosommal dominant disorder characterised by left ventricular hypertrophy, impaired diastolic filling, & abnormalities of the mitral valve

Answer: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

Flashcard 300: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ejection systolic murmur _____ with squatting

Answer: decreases

Extra: Mechanism: Squatting increases both preload (venous return) and afterload (systemic vascular resistance). The increased left ventricular volume pushes the asymmetric septum away from the mitral valve, reducing the outflow obstruction and softening the murmur.