Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: ACE Inhibitors are activated by phase 1 metabolism in the _____

Answer: liver

Flashcard 132: If CCBs are used as monotherapy in Angina Pectoris then a _____ such as verapamil or diltiazem should be used

Answer: rate-limiting one

Flashcard 133: ACE Inhibitors decrease Angiotensin II levels, which reduces blood pressure by:\n1. _____\n2. reducing aldosterone release, leading to decreased sodium and water retention

Answer: causing vasodilation

Flashcard 134: A build up of _____ levels can cause cough in ACE Inhibitors

Answer: bradykinin

Flashcard 135: What are Side-Effects of CCBs: _____ ankle swelling headache

Answer: flushing

Flashcard 136: 1st Line antiplatelet therapy in PCI _____

Answer: Aspirin (lifelong) & prasugrel or ticagrelor (12 months)

Flashcard 137: What monitoring tests should be taken prior to amiodarone treatment? _____

Answer: TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR, ECG

Extra: Amiodarone monitoring rationale: 1. TFT: Risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. 2. LFT: Risk of hepatotoxicity. 3. CXR: Baseline for potential pulmonary fibrosis. 4. U&E: Electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia/hypomagnesemia) potentiate pro-arrhythmic effects. 5. ECG: Baseline assessment of QTc interval.

Flashcard 138: The aim of catheter ablation is to ablate the faulty electrical pathways that are resulting in AF This is typically due to aberrant electrical activity between the _____ and left atrium

Answer: pulmonary veins

Flashcard 139: What medications increase the risk of falls by contributing to postural hypotension? (List 7 examples)

Answer: • Nitrates • Diuretics • Anticholinergic Medications • Antidepressants • Beta-blockers • L-Dopa • ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 140: How are patients advised when prescribed GTN?

Answer: • Take the GTN when the symptoms start • Take a second dose after 5 minutes if the symptoms remain • Call an ambulance if the symptoms remain 5 minutes after the second dose