Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: _____ repair for stress urinary incontinence includes apposing the medial fibres of the puborectalis muscles in the midline under the bladder neck region to elevate it via a vaginal approach.

Answer: Pacey's

Flashcard 42: _____ stones are resistant to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Answer: Cystine

Flashcard 43: In patients with BPH, a specialized catheter called _____ may be placed for rx of acute urinary retention

Answer: coude catheter

Flashcard 44: For a _____ AUA IPSS score, a watchful waiting approach is recommended.

Answer: mild

Flashcard 45: In acute urinary retention due to hematuria, a large _____ catheter with an additional port for fluid inflow is inserted

Answer: three way

Flashcard 46: Stone fragments collecting in the distal ureter following ESWL are called _____.

Answer: steinstrasse

Flashcard 47: If a prostate is found enlarged on USG and BPH is suspected, the next step would be to do a _____ to grade the severity of obstruction

Answer: Uroflowmetry

Flashcard 48: In acute urinary retention due to a stricture, it is dilated with cystoscope, guide wires and urethral dilators and a _____ catheter is inserted

Answer: Council tip

Flashcard 49: ESWL is contraindicated in obese, pregnant and patients taking _____

Answer: oral anticoagulants

Flashcard 50: Which study is helpful to assess the difference between low Qmax secondary to either obstruction or a neurogenic bladder?_____

Answer: Pressure-flow study

Extra: A **pressure-flow study** (part of a full urodynamic evaluation) is the gold standard for differentiating **bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)** from **detrusor underactivity** (which can occur in neurogenic bladder). - **BOO:** High detrusor pressure + Low flow rate (Qmax). - **Detrusor Underactivity:** Low detrusor pressure + Low flow rate (Qmax). Cystometrogram (CMG) technically refers to the filling phase, while the Pressure-Flow Study refers to the voiding phase.