Colorectal Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: Grade 1, grade 2, and some grade 3 hemorrhoids with only an _____ component can be treated with simple procedures (surgery not needed)

Answer: internal

Flashcard 32: _____ lesions are not associated with poor prognosis in cases of liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma.

Answer: Metachronous (Synchronous/Metachronous)

Flashcard 33: Which self-retaining retractor is commonly used in colorectal surgery for pelvic retraction? (It is a modification of the Berkeley retractor)

Answer: Goligher retractor

Flashcard 34: Open hemorrhoidectomy is also known as _____ hemorrhoidectomy

Answer: Milligan-Morgan

Flashcard 35: Surgery is indicated in _____ hemorrhoids

Answer: fibrosed (thrombosed/fibrosed)

Flashcard 36: Hemorrhoidectomy is indicated in interoexternal hemorrhoids, when the _____ hemorrhoid is well-defined

Answer: external

Flashcard 37: According to Park's classification of fistula-in-ano:Which types DO NOT arise from the dentate line?_____

Answer: Extrasphincteric

Flashcard 38: What is the most common site of distant metastasis in anal canal carcinoma?

Answer: Liver

Extra: Distant metastasis is found in ~10% of cases. The **liver** is the most common site of distant spread, followed by the lungs. Note: Because the lower anal canal (below the dentate line) drains to the systemic circulation via the inferior rectal veins, the lungs are a significant site of metastasis, but the liver remains the most frequently involved distant organ in major surgical textbooks (e.g., Sabiston, Bailey & Love).

Flashcard 39: Patients who present within 72 hours of thrombosis of external hemorrhoids are treated with _____

Answer: excision

Flashcard 40: Which abdominal procedure for rectal prolapse involves sigmoid colon resection combined with rectopexy?

Answer: Resection rectopexy (Frykman-Goldberg procedure)