Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 331: _____ is the primary mutagenic metabolite that causes bladder cancer in patients exposed to cyclophosphamide

Answer: Acrolein

Extra: Cyclophosphamide is metabolized into **phosphoramide mustard** (the active cytotoxic metabolite) and **acrolein** (the urotoxic metabolite). Acrolein is responsible for hemorrhagic cystitis and the increased risk of bladder cancer. **Mesna** (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) is co-administered to neutralize acrolein in the bladder and prevent these complications.

Flashcard 332: Why is physostigmine not recommended in management of TCA toxicity?_____

Answer: can aggravate cardiac depression and cause seizures

Flashcard 333: Category _____: Strong risk of birth defects

Answer: X

Flashcard 334: _____ is associated with dose-dependent and concentration-dependent orthostatic hypotension.

Answer: Maraviroc (Anti-retroviral)

Flashcard 335: Is the agranulocytosis due to clozapine dose dependent?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 336: What type of cataract is seen with most drugs?_____

Answer: Subcapsular

Flashcard 337: Category _____: Shown side effects in animal models, or where inadequate animal and human studies are available

Answer: C

Flashcard 338: What is the side effect associated with Camostat mesylate?_____

Answer: abnormal LFTs

Flashcard 339: Which 5-HT3 antagonist is associated with QT prolongation most minimally?

Answer: Palonosetron

Flashcard 340: Aldrin and Endrin are organo_____ compounds

Answer: chlorine