Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 301: Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming gram + bacilli that can be treated by what cell wall synthesis inhibitor? _____What other drug is used in the primary treatment of Clostridium perfringens?Clindamycin

Answer: Penicillin

Flashcard 302: _____ Ampicillin-sulbactam can be used to treat anaerobic infections (e.g., aspiration pneumonia)

Answer: IV

Flashcard 303: Which drug for COVID-19 acts by inhibiting 3CLpro?

Answer: Nirmatrelvir (often co-administered with ritonavir as Paxlovid)

Extra: Nirmatrelvir is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), also known as 3C-like protease (3CLpro). Ritonavir is added to the formulation not for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, but as a pharmacokinetic booster (it inhibits CYP3A to increase nirmatrelvir levels).

Flashcard 304: The endonuclease inhibitor for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adults is _____.

Answer: baloxavir marboxil

Flashcard 305: Tenofovir + Lamivudine + _____ is the preferred regimen of choice for management of HIV-1 and Hep B coinfection

Answer: Dolutegravir

Flashcard 306: Which drugs for COVID-19 act by inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)?

Answer: Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, Favipiravir, and Ribavirin

Flashcard 307: Which antimalarial drugs have high activity against gametocytes?_____

Answer: Artemisinins and Primaquine

Flashcard 308: Candida krusei shows an intrinsic resistance to _____

Answer: fluconazole.

Flashcard 309: What is the first-line ART regimen for patients with abnormal serum creatinine (CrCl < 60 mL/min)?

Answer: Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir

Flashcard 310: Which drug is useful in treating cases of angioinvasive aspergillosis that do not respond to Amphotericin B?_____

Answer: Caspofungin