Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 251: _____ is metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in fungal cells

Answer: Flucytosine (5-FC)

Flashcard 252: Intravenous _____ and/or quinidine is used for severe malaria infections

Answer: artesunate

Flashcard 253: Apart from Benzathine penicillin, treatment of syphilis can also be done with: _____ 500 mg qid for 14 days

Answer: Tetracycline or Erythromycin

Extra: Doxycycline (100 mg BID for 14 days) is currently the preferred oral alternative for penicillin-allergic patients with primary or secondary syphilis. Tetracycline (500 mg QID) and Erythromycin (500 mg QID) for 14-15 days are other alternatives.

Flashcard 254: Among aminoglycosides, _____ has the highest and streptomycin has the least nephrotoxicity.

Answer: neomycin

Extra: Order of nephrotoxicity for aminoglycosides: Neomycin (highest) > Gentamicin > Tobramycin > Amikacin > Streptomycin (least).

Flashcard 255: _____ bind the 30s subunit of ribosomes, preventing attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

Answer: Tetracyclines

Flashcard 256: Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapy is a PPI, _____, metronidazole and a tetracycline

Answer: bismuth therapy

Flashcard 257: _____ is a cephalosporin that can be used to treat endocarditis by S. viridans and 'HACEK' organisms.

Answer: Ceftriaxone

Flashcard 258: _____ is a drug that works by blocking Plasmodium heme polymerase (enzyme)

Answer: Chloroquine

Flashcard 259: _____ inhibitors prevent transcription of ssRNA into dsDNA thereby inhibiting viral replication

Answer: Reverse transcriptase

Flashcard 260: Aminoglycosides bind the _____ ribosomal subunit, irreversibly inhibiting formation of the initiation complex

Answer: 30S