Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 141: What 2 classes of penicillins can penetrate the porins of gram-negative bacteria?\n\n_____

Answer: Aminopenicillins and Antipseudomonal penicillins

Flashcard 142: Which two antibiotics are commonly used to treat vancomycin-resistant bacteria (e.g., VRE, VRSA)? _____ and Daptomycin

Answer: Linezolid

Flashcard 143: Cephalosporins (and other _____ antibiotics) mimic the D-ala-D-ala sequence of peptidoglycans, binding irreversibly to penicillin binding protein transpeptidases

Answer: beta-lactam

Flashcard 144: Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) are the drug of choice for infections caused by _____ (Lyme disease).

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi

Extra: Tetracyclines (particularly Doxycycline) are also the drug of choice for: - Rickettsial infections (e.g., Rocky Mountain spotted fever) - Chlamydia infections - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Acne vulgaris - Vibrio cholerae

Flashcard 145: When treating **Chlamydia trachomatis**, in which situations is **Azithromycin** preferred over Doxycycline? - Patients who are _____ - Treatment of Trachoma (Serotypes A-C) - Patients with expected poor compliance (due to single-dose regimen)

Answer: pregnant

Extra: CDC Guidelines Update: **Doxycycline** (100 mg BID for 7 days) is now the preferred first-line treatment for urogenital *Chlamydia trachomatis* (serotypes D-K). **Azithromycin** (1g single dose) is recommended as an alternative when compliance is a concern and remains the first-line treatment in **pregnancy**. *Chlamydia* serotypes: - **A-C**: Trachoma (Leading cause of preventable blindness) - **D-K**: Urogenital infections, Neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia - **L1-L3**: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Flashcard 146: _____ are anti-bacterials that have bulky R-groups that block access to the beta-lactam ring, making them penicillinase/beta-lactamase resistant.

Answer: Anti-staph penicillins

Flashcard 147: Azoles inhibit the conversion of _____ to ergosterol

Answer: lanosterol

Flashcard 148: Which azoles (2) can treat candidal esophagitis in AIDS patients? _____, Voriconazole

Answer: Fluconazole

Flashcard 149: _____ include cefepime

Answer: 4th generation cephalosporins

Flashcard 150: Lack of thymidine-kinase to phosphorylate acyclovir explains why the drug is not effective in _____ and EBV

Answer: CMV